Free Essays on Informational Technology Advancement

INTRODUCTION In 1975 the first personal computer was marketed. This computer was called the Altair. Bill Gates, with others, wrote a basic program for the machine so it could perform small tasks. The next year Apple began to market its PC’s. In 1976, Queen Elizabeth went on-line with the first royal e-mail message. The Internet, as we know today as the Information Superhighway, was introduced in 1989. It was formed through a long chain of networks and was smaller with only a handful of people that had a computer. In 1989 the Internet had about 3900 domains and 130,000 hosts. Today there are over 3 million domains and 36 million hosts. In reality the Internet formed through the formation of the Arpanet, which was the first stage of networking, and Bitnet, which was the second stage. These two early networks were the start of the Internet, which is considered to be the third step of the network process. Due to cost savings, reliability, and resource sharing networking has become the most so ught out objective to learn Ever since networking was introduced, companies have a constant drive for improvement (A History of the Compute,2004). CURRENT AREAS OF INDUSTRY GROWTH Information technology is a broad field that covers all aspects of managing and processing information. They are professionals who design, develop, support, and manage computer software, hardware, and networks. From the growth of its early years to the uncertainty of recent times, the IT industry has stabilized with job growth rates now rising steadily and continues to change in order to meet the needs of the business world. In its May 2002 Hot Jobs Report, Robert Half Technology reported that networking is experiencing the strongest growth in corporate IT departments in the United States. The development of wireless networks needed to support a growing mobile workforce and the implementation of new security measures to safeguard corporate data are two major con... Free Essays on Informational Technology Advancement Free Essays on Informational Technology Advancement INTRODUCTION In 1975 the first personal computer was marketed. This computer was called the Altair. Bill Gates, with others, wrote a basic program for the machine so it could perform small tasks. The next year Apple began to market its PC’s. In 1976, Queen Elizabeth went on-line with the first royal e-mail message. The Internet, as we know today as the Information Superhighway, was introduced in 1989. It was formed through a long chain of networks and was smaller with only a handful of people that had a computer. In 1989 the Internet had about 3900 domains and 130,000 hosts. Today there are over 3 million domains and 36 million hosts. In reality the Internet formed through the formation of the Arpanet, which was the first stage of networking, and Bitnet, which was the second stage. These two early networks were the start of the Internet, which is considered to be the third step of the network process. Due to cost savings, reliability, and resource sharing networking has become the most so ught out objective to learn Ever since networking was introduced, companies have a constant drive for improvement (A History of the Compute,2004). CURRENT AREAS OF INDUSTRY GROWTH Information technology is a broad field that covers all aspects of managing and processing information. They are professionals who design, develop, support, and manage computer software, hardware, and networks. From the growth of its early years to the uncertainty of recent times, the IT industry has stabilized with job growth rates now rising steadily and continues to change in order to meet the needs of the business world. In its May 2002 Hot Jobs Report, Robert Half Technology reported that networking is experiencing the strongest growth in corporate IT departments in the United States. The development of wireless networks needed to support a growing mobile workforce and the implementation of new security measures to safeguard corporate data are two major con...

Analytical Essay on The Crucible

Analytical Essay on The Crucible Analytical Essay on The Crucible The Crucible is a play by Arthur Miller that was written and published in 1953. It is loosely based on facts about Salem witch trials that happened in 1692 and 1693. On the other hand, the play is believed to be an allegory on McCarthyism, the practice of accusing people without having enough evidence. Thus, both have striking resemblance, and the author wanted to show how helpless and doomed a person might be when unfairly accused by those in power (e.g. court, state, police). Salem witch trial and allegory on McCarthyism are the two levels of this plays interpretation (the explicit and the implicit ones). Those, who are not familiar with the context in which the play was written, will more likely not understand the implicit meaning of it. The play is a playwrights reaction to events that took place during the McCarthy era in the first half of 1950s. A lot of Americans were accused of being communists, spreading communist propaganda, or being soviet spies. Very often such accusations were false, however it soon developed into mass hysteria, with many people becoming victims of such injustice. Arthur Miller saw similarities between McCarthyism and Salem witch trials which resulted in writing this play. Talking about the main characters, we can point out an antagonist and a protagonist: Abigail Williams and John Proctor respectively. It all started when they both had an affair while Abigail worked as a maid for the Proctor house. In fact, it was Abigail who accused a slave woman of being a witch trying to explain reverend Parris daughter illness. Soon she realizes that such accusations can be used as a means of manipulating people, for example accusing Proctors wife of witchcraft is a way to be with Proctor again. Other people join Abigail even if they know that accusations are false, but they realize that it is better to accuse someone rather than be accused themselves. This mass hysteria is supported by people who have authority: judge John Hathorne and deputy governor Thomas Danforth. The author draws a parallel between the authority in Salem and the U.S. Government in the 50s, who were both too blind and ignorant to see that all the accusations were made by people because their own self-interest, or just because of foolishness. The protagonist, John Proctor, trying to save his wife was also accused of witchcraft by Abigail. He has to make a choice: understanding all the absurd of the trial, he may confess to being guilty and save his life, but be condemned by all the citizens of Salem for the rest of his life, or to deny all the accusations and be sentenced to death, but having a clear conscience. So, he chooses the latter. Arthur Millers play shows us how cruel and foolish people may be, no matter whether it is the 17th century, or the 20th. With all the technological and scientific progress that happened during this period, he doubts that people have become any wiser. He also depicts authority as a cruel machine that is only capable of imposing punishment to people without even knowing whether they are guilty or not. Tips on Writing an Analytical Essay on a Work of Fiction: When analyzing a work of fiction, try focusing on a specific character, concept or a story line. Make an attention catching claim in your thesis statement. For that, two sentences would be enough. Use examples from the work of fiction you are analyzing to support the claim you have made. That is also a good indicator that you have read the work carefully enough to notice the details. An outline always apply. Whatever kind of essay you are writing, an outline will help you to keep your thoughts organized. provides students with custom written essays on different topics. You can buy analytical essay online and your paper will be written by certified writers.

International organisations. United Nations in Human Rights, ICJ & ICC Essay

International organisations. United Nations in Human Rights, ICJ & ICC - Essay Example International Court of Justice, on the other hand, is under affiliation with the United Nations. It settles disputes, which are put forward by individual states. In addition, it gives legal advice to states (Smith, pp. 55-60, 2007). A legal procedure has to be followed for international court of justice once a case is filed in the court. Hence, it is obvious that International Criminal Court tries individuals whereas International Court of Justice deals with the issues of a state and hence deals with larger bodies. These are mostly states that are members of the UN. In addition, since advisory services on legal matters are also provided in International Court of Justice, the cases dealt here have to undergo an entire formal procedure. There has been debate about the empowerment of these institutions, and non-governmental bodies have been emphasizing the empowerment of ICC as well. They emphasize on handling the cases regarding the exercise of power to International Criminal Court (Smith, pp. 55-60, 2007). On the other hand, others believe that ICJ should be given the matters to decide. Hence, it remains matter of debate but a trend that is established that individuals and non-governmental bodies preferring ICC to IJC. ... The mandate of UN was to respect human rights and make justice available to everyone, regardless of their creed, color, or race. However, it has been an argument that this may not be the case as Saudi Arabia is also a member of the UN. Since Saudi Arabia is a place where a woman is not allowed to leave the house without a man and where gays are not well represented at all, it is a contradiction to its mandate (Advancing Human Rights, 2011). International efforts to establish peace and govern human rights emerged especially after World War II when the harm extended to the human race was observed (Halderman, page 275, 1979). This was the time after which United Nations emerged as a peace making body, and its task was to make sure that wars were avoided as much as possible and matters of dispute were tried based on talks and discussions rather than wars, which cause immense loss to human life and infrastructure alike. Recently, the aims of United Nations include the security and well-be ing of people and larger bodies, including states that are its members. Its work is extended on the micro scale to humanitarian assistance, to ensure equality and well-being to humans living across the world. It also undergoes economic and social developments of states. This is done by providing infrastructure to the poorer nations that are its members. In addition, it can bring this about by abolishing some unfair practices that exists in certain areas, a very popular example of which is child labor. United Nations funds its projects through some of the member states. The function of United Nations is debatable due to differences of interests of different groups of individuals. Hence, their different actions can be debated on basis of

Does Google Make Us Stupid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Does Google Make Us Stupid - Essay Example .......................................................... 15 10. Recommendations.......................................................................................................... 16 Reference 1. Introduction The internet has become one of the most pervasive technologies used and enjoyed by almost all people in the planet. It is also a media upon which various technologies, including search engines and social networking sites are being borne and developed. Google is one of these technologies. It is a search engine which was established in order to browse through the internet and search for information and for links into the different available interactions in the electronic world. The ease upon which information has been made available through Google has been a source of controversy among researchers and intellectuals, arguing that it is a technology which has now made people stupid. However, other intellectuals would also argue in the opposite direction, proclaiming that Goo gle does not make people, stupid; instead, it makes them smart and more imaginative in their knowledge about and of the world. This study shall discuss whether or not Google makes people stupid. First, a brief description of Google shall be introduced in this paper. Second, an analysis of the reasons why Google is making us stupid shall be presented. Third, an analysis of the reasons why Google is not making us stupid shall also be presented. Fourth, a position on this issue shall be discussed based on an analysis of the previous discussions and arguments. Lastly, a conclusion and summary shall end this discussion. Body 2. Brief history of Google In 1996, Stanford University graduate students Larry Page and Sergey Brin established their search engine known as ‘BackRub.† This search...It is a search engine which was established in order to browse through the internet and search for information and for links into the different available interactions in the electronic world . The ease upon which information has been made available through Google has been a source of controversy among researchers and intellectuals, arguing that it is a technology which has now made people stupid. However, other intellectuals would also argue in the opposite direction, proclaiming that Google does not make people, stupid; instead, it makes them smart and more imaginative in their knowledge about and of the world. This study shall discuss whether or not Google makes people stupid. First, a brief description of Google shall be introduced in this paper. Second, an analysis of the reasons why Google is making us stupid shall be presented. Third, an analysis of the reasons why Google is not making us stupid shall also be presented. Fourth, a position on this issue shall be discussed based on an analysis of the previous discussions and arguments. Lastly, a conclusion and summary shall end this discussion. Body 2. Brief history of Google In 1996, Stanford University graduate students Larry Page and Sergey Brin established their search engine known as ‘BackRub.† This search engine used various links to establish the importance of distinct web pages (Google, n.d).

How well do you communicate Essay Example for Free

How well do you communicate Essay I am considered to be a communicative person who established an outstanding raport with others. I am able to listen deeply to people,to help them ,to share my experience with them. Many of them tell me I am a good listener and when I talk they usually listen to me. What is important for a good communication? You need to take into consideration the point of view of others. I respect their opinion,but I respect my opinion as well. . I understand how people interpret my communicative style and I am able to avoid misunderstanding. I sometimes handle children hassles effectively. People usually understand my thoughts and I can nderstand theirs.. The tone of my voice sometimes communicates how I feel about my partner. Determining a communication problem is not very hard for me and I am often able to resolve it. I usually speak in a gentle manner,to give an impression of kindness. I often stay calm in tense situations. I can express my feelings and tell people close to me how much I care about them. My relationship with my family is full of emotion and devotion. Many people think I am a friendly and expansive person. I often know how to cooperate with them and they usually do what I want them to do. Read more:  Reasons why people communicate  essay However,I have not always been so successful. I was shy when I was younger and did not speak with assertion. It was hard for me to express my thoughts,it was hard for others to know how I felt about something. Later,I improved my communication skills. During my experience,I began to speak louder and people could understand me. I listened to others more carefully. I learned that it is important to avoid passive style of communication. I also learned to speak with more assertion because my own opinion is as important as the opinion of other people. I usually tell people to stay calm in unpleasant situations in order to avoid misunderstanding or aggressive communication. This style enables me to communicate effectively. I discovered that my body language and some gestures I made earlier affected my communication in a bad way. Eye contact is extremely important as it shows respect and interest for the person you are talking to. In addition to this,posture is another important aspect of dealing with others and sometimes it affected my communication. I learned to get my posture right which made me feel better. By finding out the major cause of communication breakdown,I could easily improve it. Being aware of the importance of a successful communication,I am trying to find the ways to improve my communication skills. For example,using body language may lead to great communication. This is especially useful when I am not sure how to start a conversation. In addition to this,I need to be clear about what I want to communicate. I also need to be confident that the information if useful and accurate. By successfully getting my message accross,I convey my thoughts effectively .

AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays

AIDS Is the message getting through? We already know enough about AIDS to prevent its spread, but ignorance, complacency, fear and bigotry continue to stop many from taking adequate precautions. We know enough about how the infection is transmitted to protect ourselves from it without resorting to such extremes as mandatory testing, enforced quarantine or total celibacy. But too few people are heeding the AIDS message. Perhaps many simply don't like or want to believe what they hear, preferring to think that AIDS "can't happen to them." Experts repeatedly remind us that infective agents do not discriminate, but can infect any and everyone. Like other communicable diseases, AIDS can strike anyone. It is not necessarily confined to a few high-risk groups. We must all protect ourselves from this infection and teach our children about it in time to take effective precautions. Given the right measures, no one need get AIDS. The pandemic continues: Many of us have forgotten about the virulence of widespread epidemics, such as the 1917/18 influenza pandemic which killed over 21 million people, including 50,000 Canadians. Having been lulled into false security by modern antibiotics and vaccines about our ability to conquer infections, the Western world was ill prepared to cope with the advent of AIDS in 1981. (Retro- spective studies now put the first reported U.S. case of AIDS as far back as 1968.) The arrival of a new and lethal virus caught us off guard. Research suggests that the agent responsible for AIDS probably dates from the 1950s, with a chance infection of humans by a modified Simian virus found in African green monkeys. Whatever its origins, scientists surmise that the disease spread from Africa to the Caribbean and Europe, then to the U.S. Current estimates are that 1.5 to 2 million Americans are now probably HIV carriers, with higher numbers in Central Africa and parts of the Caribbean. Recapping AIDS - the facts: --------------------------- AIDS is an insidious, often fatal but less contagious disease than measles, chicken pox or hepatitis B. AIDS is thought to be caused primarily by a virus that invades white blood cells (lymphocytes) - especially T4-lymphocytes or T-helper cells - and certain other body cells, including the brain. In 1983 and 1984, French and U.S. researchers independently identified the virus believed to cause AIDS as an unusual type of slow-acting retrovirus now called "human immunodeficiency virus" or HIV. Like other viruses, HIV is basically a tiny package of genes. But being a retrovirus, it has the rare capacity to copy and insert its genes right into a human cell's own chromosomes (DNA). AIDS :: Free AIDS Essays AIDS Is the message getting through? We already know enough about AIDS to prevent its spread, but ignorance, complacency, fear and bigotry continue to stop many from taking adequate precautions. We know enough about how the infection is transmitted to protect ourselves from it without resorting to such extremes as mandatory testing, enforced quarantine or total celibacy. But too few people are heeding the AIDS message. Perhaps many simply don't like or want to believe what they hear, preferring to think that AIDS "can't happen to them." Experts repeatedly remind us that infective agents do not discriminate, but can infect any and everyone. Like other communicable diseases, AIDS can strike anyone. It is not necessarily confined to a few high-risk groups. We must all protect ourselves from this infection and teach our children about it in time to take effective precautions. Given the right measures, no one need get AIDS. The pandemic continues: Many of us have forgotten about the virulence of widespread epidemics, such as the 1917/18 influenza pandemic which killed over 21 million people, including 50,000 Canadians. Having been lulled into false security by modern antibiotics and vaccines about our ability to conquer infections, the Western world was ill prepared to cope with the advent of AIDS in 1981. (Retro- spective studies now put the first reported U.S. case of AIDS as far back as 1968.) The arrival of a new and lethal virus caught us off guard. Research suggests that the agent responsible for AIDS probably dates from the 1950s, with a chance infection of humans by a modified Simian virus found in African green monkeys. Whatever its origins, scientists surmise that the disease spread from Africa to the Caribbean and Europe, then to the U.S. Current estimates are that 1.5 to 2 million Americans are now probably HIV carriers, with higher numbers in Central Africa and parts of the Caribbean. Recapping AIDS - the facts: --------------------------- AIDS is an insidious, often fatal but less contagious disease than measles, chicken pox or hepatitis B. AIDS is thought to be caused primarily by a virus that invades white blood cells (lymphocytes) - especially T4-lymphocytes or T-helper cells - and certain other body cells, including the brain. In 1983 and 1984, French and U.S. researchers independently identified the virus believed to cause AIDS as an unusual type of slow-acting retrovirus now called "human immunodeficiency virus" or HIV. Like other viruses, HIV is basically a tiny package of genes. But being a retrovirus, it has the rare capacity to copy and insert its genes right into a human cell's own chromosomes (DNA).

Essay julius ceaser brutus villain or hero

Hero is not Just a title and to be a true hero it takes more than getting your elderly neighbors cat out of the tree. Throughout the play it is also safe to say Brutes Is not a villain. The best category for Brutes falls under the personnel of a tragic hero. Throughout the play it is obvious to the reader that Brutes is loved by most, including Caesar. Secondly, Brutes revolves his actions around the people of Rome and less his own wants/needs. Lastly, he can not be classified a true hero because of the violence that leads him to â€Å"victory†.In the play the characteristic of tragic hero easily connect o Brutes making it very easy to demonstrate why that Is the best title for Brutes. It Is safe to say Brutes Is not a hero from head to toe. Some of his acts Inflict tragedy on others and Inflict pain on him self. Brutes causes much pain to people close to Caesar such as California and Antonym â€Å"O mighty Caesar! Dost thou Ill so low? Are all thy conquests, glories, triumph s, spoils, shrunk to this little measure? Fare thee well. † (Shakespeare In 148-150 act 3 sin 1). This shows that Brutes â€Å"Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. (Shakespeare In 22-23 act 3 sin 2) is not hinging about the entire Rome but only the majority. This means that through some eyes Brutes is a villain. On the other hand the majority see him as a savior of Rome and he truly believes that what he has done to Caesar and those close to Caesar is for the better of the people. It is clear what Brutes goal is and as we learn he is setting out to accomplish that goal. It seems to be a fairly straight forward but it is not told to the reader that Brutes seems to be a good representation of the roman people. This means that he is a favorite throughout Rome.In Career's final words â€Å"Et u, Brute! Then fall Caesar! † (Shakespeare In 77 act 3 sin 1) shows that even though Brutes is the killer of Caesar, Caesar trusted Brutes. Caesar is a good repre sentation of Rome and what most think of Brutes. With this power Cassias uses Brutes to help leave an opening in Caesar spot. Some may think that by killing Caesar this makes Brutes a hero but as we know the killing of Caesar does not please everyone in Rome. Brutes is a well known and loved man in Rome and the fact that he kills Caesar brings out a naive side of him.Cassias uses Brutes to open up a spot for himself. Brutes does not see that this is what Cassias is doing and is suddenly in a spot he might not have originally been in if it wasn't for Cassias. The murder of Caesar brings out the corruption of Rome and suddenly turns to battle with Rome torn. â€Å"Defiance, traitors, hurl we in your teeth: If you dare fight to-day, come to the field† (Shakespeare In 65-66 act 5 sin 1). This shows how Brutes killing of Caesar seemed to be good but after all raised more chaos than Intended, therefore making him a tragic hero.In the paragraphs above it Is clear that Brutes Is not a Hero nor a villain but a tragic ere. The definition of a tragic hero Is a great or virtuous character In a dramatic tragedy that Is destined for downfall. Brutes Is a powerful man but seems to be a little naive about where he stands In Rome and who he stands for or with. Brutes seems to do a lot for the roman people, and putting them In front of himself. Lastly not all that Brutes does Is good for everyone making him not a true hero. This explains why Brutes is caught in the middle of hero and villain. Say Julius creaser brutes villain or hero By battlefronts neighbors cat out of the tree. Throughout the play it is also safe to say Brutes is not that leads him to â€Å"victory'. In the play the characteristic of tragic hero easily connect to Brutes making it very easy to demonstrate why that is the best title for Brutes. It is safe to say Brutes is not a hero from head to toe. Some of his acts inflict tragedy on others and inflict pain on him self. Brutes causes much pain to peop le close to Caesar such as California and Antonym â€Å"O mighty Caesar! Dost thou lie so low? Are all leave an opening in Career's spot.Some may think that by killing Caesar this makes after all raised more chaos than intended, therefore making him a tragic hero. In the paragraphs above it is clear that Brutes is not a Hero nor a villain but a tragic hero. The definition of a tragic hero is a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy that is destined for downfall. Brutes is a powerful man but seems to be a little naive about where he stands in Rome and who he stands for or with. Brutes seems to do a lot for the roman people, and putting them in front of himself. Lastly not all that Brutes does is good for everyone making him not a true hero. This

A Semiotic Analysis of a Newspaper Story Essay

A logical place to start may be to ask ‘what is news?’ Professor Jonathan Bignell suggests that ‘news is not just facts, but representations produced in language and other signs like photographs.’ The newspaper is just one medium of news communication; other media include television, radio, magazines, and the Internet. We will concentrate on a particular news item as covered in three different British daily newspapers, namely The Sun, The Telegraph, and The Times. The story which is being covered is that of the death of a female police officer who was stabbed by a man whilst she was on duty. The medium of the newspaper is particularly interesting as signifiers are presented simultaneously thus offering a concrete display of signs which the reader can consume at their own pace and can also be re-read, as opposed to television or radio news which can only be watched or listened to at particular times. The process of selection is central to the production of all newspapers. This involves selecting events which are considered to be worthy of being printed as news, and excluding news which is considered to be irrelevant, insignificant or unworthy of news coverage. Thus news is a social construct dependent on what is deemed to be important by those who work in the ‘news industry’ based on certain codes of behaviour which have been learned by news workers in order to do their job. The codes of behaviour which have been learnt by news workers undoubtedly depend on the particular newspaper for which they are working. It could be suggested that in British society most adults would be aware of the conventions of different newspapers. We will attempt to examine the types of sign systems within which a particular news story is encoded in a selection of newspapers, and how these different sign systems may affect meaning. It is clear when looking at The Sun, The Telegraph, and The Times articles, which were all published on Saturday, April 18th, 1998 that each newspaper attaches significance to different news items. This is made clear by looking at the front pages of each newspaper, with The Sun’s main front page story concentrating on the relationship of Patsy Kensit and Liam Gallagher, compared to The Telegraph’s main story which concentrates on a ‘shake-up’ of scientific committees that advise government ministers on food safety; and The Times main front page story which covers the story of the new National Lottery Big Ticket show which is facing the BBC ‘axe’ . Although we will not be concentrating on the comparison of the front pages of the newspapers in this term paper, these examples demonstrate how drastically the different newspapers differ in what constitutes front-page news. The examples also demonstrate the interpretation of newspaper conventions, as we analyse the stories which are considered to be the intended main news of the front-page. As can be seen with the front page of The Sun the main story is clear as it dominates most of the available space on the front-page. However, with the other newspapers the distinction is not quite as clear. The main criteria when deciding on which was the main story of the front-pages of The Telegraph and The Times was the size of the typeface of the headline. This emphasises that the reader comes to the newspaper with a set of codes with which to decode the text, and these codes may differ from individual to individual. This leads to the point that the text is open to a variety of interpretations depending on the ideological standpoint of the reader, and whether the reader is familiar with the newspaper and the codes which. it employs to communicate the ‘news’ which it has selected. Connotations of the linguistic and visual signs which are presented by newspapers are central to the meaning of the news item to the reader. The connotations of the news item are perceived within a coded framework and there are recognisable codes within different newspapers. It is clear that different newspapers use particular narrative codes when representing the same item of news. This can be seen in the three headlines which refer to the particular news item which I have chosen to examine. The Sun headline states ‘SCANDAL OF PSYCHO FREED TO KILL HERO COP NINN’, The Telegraph – ‘WPc was knifed to death after removing armour’, and The Times – ‘WPc paid with her life for dedication to duty.’ Each of these narrative codes used in the headlines instantly provide a framework on which to build the meaning of the news item. The headlines are linguistic syntagms which aim to attract the attention of the reader to the topic of the news st ory, and the linguistic signs which are employed in the headline suggest to the reader the appropriate codes which are needed to understand or decode the news item. It is clear that the newspapers use different linguistic codes as a means of representing the news item. The Times and The Telegraph are similar in their use of language. However, both differ dramatically with The Sun. It is clear that The Sun uses orally based vocabulary, and dramatic and sensational language. This can be seen in the first sentence of the news item, which reads ‘A. violent cop-hating nut killed brave WPC Nina Mackay after a catastrophic catalogue of blunders by Crown prosecutors and police allowed him to roam free.’ The article also employs alliteration for emphasis , as in ‘catastrophic catalogue’ and ‘scandal of psycho’. The linguistic codes of the news item certainly connote speech which in turn connotes familiarity, informality, and camaraderie. The article also implies familiarity with the victim (We Nina Mackay) who is referred to throughout as ‘Nina’ where as a distance is created between the reader and the offender who is referred to throughout by his surname, Elgizouli. This code of familiarity is significantly different to that which is employed by The Telegraph and The Times who refer to the victim either in her professional capacity (WPc Nina Mackay) or by her full name. However, it is perhaps significant that the offender is referred to by his surname in all of the different representations of the news items. This strategy of distancing the reader from the criminal is blatantly employed by all three of the newspapers, clearly suggesting that the preferred reading of the texts should involve no sympathy with the offender. Another drastic difference between the newspaper representations of the news item are the typographic devices used to break up the text. Again, The Sun differs dramatically to The Telegraph and The Times using bold text to start the article, serving to extend the role of the headline in attracting the attention of the reader to the topic of the news story. The use of bold and one word sub-headings which are employed throughout the text serve to direct the reader in making meaning of the text and make blatantly obvious the points which the newspaper deem to be of particular significance to the understanding of the news item. The Telegraph and The Times do not employ the same typographic codes as The Sun, apart from bold type which is used for the headline, and the bold type used to name the journalist/s of the article. The narrative of the news story uses the same type and size of font throughout the item. Arguably, this connotes authority and formality to the reader which is also demonstrated by the fairly long sentences, the correct spellings and the lack of colloquial language such as ‘cop’ which is used in The Sun. This perhaps implies that the ‘quality’ press such as The Times and The Telegraph provide better news than tabloids such as The Sun. However, this kind of value judgement is inappropriate as both types of newspaper are constructions of the news with the ‘quality’ newspapers aiming to connote authority and formality and the ‘popular’ tabloids aiming to connote an attitude of ‘telling it how it is.’ Thus both types of representation of the news items present mythic meanings. Linguistic and typographic codes are not the only codes employed in news discourse. Graphic codes must also be considered. The photographs used in the press have also undergone a process of selection. One image will be chosen over another as it connotes a message that the selectors of the photograph want to communicate. Barthes (cited in Bagnell, 1977:98) suggests that the newspaper photograph is ‘an object that has been worked on, chosen, composed, constructed, treated according to professional, aesthetic or ideological norms which are so many factors of connotation.’ The ‘treatment’ of photographs which is referred to by Barthes can be seen in the different newspapers which I have chosen. Interestingly, each version of the news item has used the same photographs, but treated them differently according to the required connotation. Each representation uses the same picture of the victim in her police uniform looking directly at the camera, and the same pictu re of the offender looking vacant and away from the camera. Again, The Times and The Telegraph use similar codes, and The Sun employs a drastically different strategy despite using the same original photographs. The most drastic difference is that The Sun presents the photographs in colour, connoting realism and the dangerousness of the offender. This is also connoted by the size of the photographs, with the graphic representation dominating a large proportion of the overall available space on the page, which is another drastic difference between The Sun’s representation of the news item and the other two newspapers. Despite these major differences it is significant that the newspapers have all used the same photographs, and it is interesting to look at why these particular photographs might have been chosen. Paradigmatically, photographs involve connotations, and thus the significance of the particular photographs which have been chosen can be seen more clearly when considering what other paradigmatic connotations might have appeared in their place. For example the connotations of the picture of the police officer would change considerably if she was not in uniform. Likewise, the connotations of the picture would change if the offender was looking directly at the camera and smiling, instead he is pictured looking away from the camera with a blank expression, connoting lack of emotion. The contrasted pairs which seem to be involved in the paradigms are innocence and guilt, justice and injustice. These contrasted pairs are made more clear by the way in which the meanings of the photographs are anchored in a small amount of text beneath the photographs. The Times offers its own contrasted pair in the text beneath the pictures, namely ‘killer’ and ‘killed’. As Bignell (1997:99) suggests, the caption underneath the picture enables the reader to ‘load down the image with particular cultural meanings and the photograph functions as the proof that the text’s message is true.’ The pictures are also shown in different contexts in the three newspapers with The Sun using a different strategy to The Telegraph and The Times. The Telegraph and The Times use similar sized pictures of the individuals involved. In The Sun the size of the photographs of the individuals differ considerably with the ‘killer’ being represented as significantly bigger than the ‘killed’. Also, the photograph of the police officer is presented in a photograph-like frame connoting sentimentality, and elevating her position in comparison to the ‘killer’. This emotionalism is carried over into the other picture which The Sun represents which shows the coffin of the police officer being carried by her colleagues. This is a cultural sign which most readers will be able to relate to, and connotes sympathy, tragedy and injustice. This discussion of several newspapers’ representations of the same news item show how semiotic analysis can determine the meanings of such news items, as a result of the linguistic and visual signs used within the texts. However, semiotic analysis cannot determine how an individual reader might interpret the representations of the news items in a real social context. Semiotic analysis does offer an insight into the factors at work in the production of a news item and distinguishes the various codes which are employed by different types of newspaper when representing a particular news item.

Perioperative Surgical Observation essays

Perioperative Surgical Observation essays Perioperative Surgical Observation: From Operating Room Number Eight to Recovery Number Nine I had waited all semester for this day. I could hardly sleep the night before due to the anticipation. I was to visit Middle Tennessee Medical Center and follow a patient throughout the phases of surgery including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. I found each phase to be equally hectic, technical and important for the safety of the patient. The patient that I followed throughout her operative experience was no stranger to surgery. She was a twenty-three-year old woman with a history of three prior surgeries: two cesarean sections, tubal ligation and on this day was scheduled for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. The patient had complaints of pain in the epigastric region ranging from crampy to sharp and radiating to the back. Prior to surgery the patient stated she had high hopes that this surgery would cure her pain. When I arrived at 6:35 a.m., the patient was already in the holding area with an intravenous catheter inserted, warming blankets on, identification band in place on her right wrist, and a signed consent in the chart. The nurses in the holding area had already questioned the patient regarding allergies and none were noted. The patient also stated that she had been compliant with the preparation regime of no food or drink after midnight. Upon assessment, I found the patient to have no jewelry, dentures or pacemaker to insure safety during surgery. The intravenous catheter was a 20 gauge located in the left hand and was being infused with lactated ringer ¡Ã‚ ¯s intravenous fluid. Also infusing via piggyback was Ancef 1 gram, a first generation Cephalosporin antiinfective used as a surgical prophylaxis against postoperative infection. In addition to Ancef, the nurse in the holding area gave the patient four other medications including Zantac 50 milligrams (mg) give...

Grammar Tips Subjectâ€Verb Agreement - Proofread My Paper

Grammar Tips Subject–Verb Agreement - Proofread My Paper Grammar Tips: Subject–Verb Agreement An important part of writing a grammatical sentence is making sure that the subject and verb in a sentence agree. In the following, well take a look at some of the basics. The Basics of Subject–Verb Agreement In the present tense, subject–verb agreement requires using singular verbs with singular subjects and plural verbs with plural subjects. In this context, the â€Å"subject† is the person or thing in the sentence performing the action, while the verb is the action being performed: Singular Subject Present Tense Singular Verb The bird†¦ †¦sings. Plural Subject Present Tense Plural Verb The birds†¦ †¦sing. In the simple past tense, though, there’s usually no difference between singular and plural verbs: Singular Subject Past Tense Verb The bird†¦ †¦sang. Plural Subject Past Tense Verb The birds†¦ †¦sang. Songbirds themselves care little for grammar.(Photo: Georg_Wietschorke) Compound Subjects Subject–verb agreement becomes more complicated when using a compound subject. When two subjects are joined with the coordinating conjunction â€Å"and,† we always use a plural verb: Bob and Cheryl are going to the game. However, when using â€Å"either/or† or â€Å"neither/nor† in a compound subject, whether to use a singular or plural verb depends on the term nearest to the verb: Singular: Either the girls or the boy is going to the game. Plural: Neither the boy nor the girls are going to the game. In the above, we use the singular â€Å"is† when the singular noun â€Å"boy† comes after â€Å"or,† but the plural verb â€Å"are† when the plural noun â€Å"girls† comes after the conjunction. Parenthetical Statements One common mistake with subject–verb agreement occurs when a parenthetical statement appears between the subject and the verb: The man, in the company of his dog, goes for a walk. Here, we use the singular verb â€Å"goes† because the bit of the dog is mentioned within a parenthetical clause (i.e., within commas), not as part of the subject of the sentence. If we rephrased this so that the dog was part of a compound subject, we would use the plural verb â€Å"go† instead: The man and his dog go for a walk. But when an additional person or thing is mentioned in parentheses or within commas, the verb should always agree with the subject that appears outside of the parenthetical clause. A man trying to explain parenthetical statements to his dog.(Photo: ToNic-Pics) Collective and Mass Nouns Another potential confusion relates to the use of collective nouns. In American English, these require using a singular verb despite referring to a group of things: The team is playing to win! Here, we use â€Å"is† because â€Å"team† is singular. Mass (or â€Å"non-count†) nouns are similar, since they take singular verbs despite referring to a mass substance (e.g., â€Å"milk† or â€Å"sand†): The milk is going sour. Here, it doesn’t matter how much milk we’re discussing: we’d always use the singular â€Å"is.† Some Exceptions As usual in English, there are exceptions to the rules above. The first-person â€Å"I† and the singular second-person â€Å"you,† for example, reverse the usual rules in the present tense (e.g., we say â€Å"I sing† not â€Å"I sings,† even though â€Å"I† is singular and â€Å"sing† is usually a plural verb). Auxiliary (or â€Å"helper†) verbs (e.g., â€Å"is†/â€Å"are† or â€Å"has†/â€Å"have†) also cause trouble, since they often change depending on whether the subject is singular or plural when using a past participle (e.g., â€Å"The boy has finished his homework† vs. â€Å"The boys have finished their homework†). And since the rules do vary depending on how a sentence is constructed, it pays to be careful with subject–verb agreement! Having your work proofread is a good idea if you’re not confident about this aspect of grammar.

Report on the case study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Report on the case study - Coursework Example Critical Management Studies stresses at looking the organisation and management theory from wide variety of groups which are affected by educators and business managers who instruct them. Critical theory is one of the important philosophical foundations of critical management studies. Critical theory has more influence on development on CMS than any other related theoretical foundations like post-structuralism, labour process theory, critical realism etc. Critical theory has a distinct paradigmatic characteristics and unique philosophical tradition. Critical theory basically stresses on the reflective assessment by applying knowledge from humanities and social sciences. Critical management studies brought together post-structural writings and critical theory, but since then it as developed into more diverse directions. This report will take a look at the case study of Experiencing Depersonalised bullying with respect to call-centre agents. The case provided is based on the depersonalized bullying which occurs on the call-centre agents who are employed in International call centres in Bangalore and Mumbai in India. It focuses on the oppressive regime faced by them in the workplace. The kind of bullying regime faced by them can be attributed to the service level agreements which exist between the clients and employers. This sets the tone for organisational practices. The call centre agents accept such kind of tough working conditions because of material gains and professional identities gained by them. Capitalist labour relations in the workplace bullying set the tone for such kind of oppression in the workplace. Call centre industry in India is an emerging industry. It is known as ITES-BPO sector which now contributes majorly to global offshoring business. In countries like South Africa, Philippines, Latin America and Eastern Europe this sector are an emerging sector while in India it remains in the developing stage. There